Main article: Demographics of Brooklyn
Brooklyn has been New York City's most populous borough since the
mid-1920s. (Key: Each borough's historical population in millions. The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island)
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1731 | 2,150 | — |
| 1756 | 2,707 | +25.9% |
| 1771 | 3,623 | +33.8% |
| 1786 | 3,966 | +9.5% |
| 1790 | 4,549 | +14.7% |
| 1800 | 5,740 | +26.2% |
| 1810 | 8,303 | +44.7% |
| 1820 | 11,187 | +34.7% |
| 1830 | 20,535 | +83.6% |
| 1840 | 47,613 | +131.9% |
| 1850 | 138,822 | +191.6% |
| 1860 | 279,122 | +101.1% |
| 1870 | 419,921 | +50.4% |
| 1880 | 599,495 | +42.8% |
| 1890 | 838,547 | +39.9% |
| 1900 | 1,166,582 | +39.1% |
| 1910 | 1,634,351 | +40.1% |
| 1920 | 2,018,356 | +23.5% |
| 1930 | 2,560,401 | +26.9% |
| 1940 | 2,698,285 | +5.4% |
| 1950 | 2,738,175 | +1.5% |
| 1960 | 2,627,319 | −4.0% |
| 1970 | 2,602,012 | −1.0% |
| 1980 | 2,230,936 | −14.3% |
| 1990 | 2,300,664 | +3.1% |
| 2000 | 2,465,326 | +7.2% |
| 2010 | 2,504,700 | +1.6% |
| 2015 | 2,636,735 | +5.3% |
| 1731–1786[31] U.S. Decennial Census[32] 1790–1960[33] 1900–1990[34] 1990–2000[35] 2010 and 2015[1] Source: |
||
Ultra-Orthodox Jewish (יהודי)
residents in Brooklyn, home to the largest Jewish community in the
United States, with approximately 600,000 individuals, about 23% Jewish of the borough's population in 2011.[43]
2010 Census
According to the 2010 United States Census, Brooklyn's population was 42.8% White, including 35.7% non-Hispanic White; 34.3% Black, including 31.9% non-Hispanic black; 10.5% Asian; 0.5% Native American; 0.0% (rounded) Pacific Islander; 3.0% Multiracial American; and 8.8% from Other races. Hispanics and Latinos made up 19.8% of Brooklyn's population.[44]
Celebrating Chinese New Year in Little Fuzhou (小福州), one of several Chinatowns in Brooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), in Sunset Park (日落公園). Brooklyn's rapidly growing Chinese American population was estimated to have surpassed 200,000 in 2014.[45]
2012 estimates
According to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, there are 2,565,635 people (up from 2.3 million in 1990), 880,727 households, and 583,922 families living in Brooklyn.[47][48] The population density was 34,920/square mile (13,480/km²). There were 930,866 housing units at an average density of 13,180/square mile (5,090/km²).Of the 880,727 households in Brooklyn, 38.6% were married couples living together, 22.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households 27.8% are made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.41.
In Brooklyn the population was spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. Brooklyn has more women and girls, with 88.4 males for every 100 females. Brooklyn's lesbian community is the largest out of all of the New York City boroughs.[49]
The median income for households in Brooklyn was $32,135, and the median income for a family was $36,188. Males had a median income of $34,317, which was higher than females, whose median income was $30,516. The per capita income was $16,775. About 22% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34% of those under age 18 and 21.5% of those age 65 or over.
| [hide]Racial composition | 2015[50] | 2010[51] | 1990[52] | 1950[52] | 1900[52] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 49.3% | 42.8% | 46.9% | 92.2% | 98.3% |
| —Non-Hispanic | 35.9% | 35.7% | 40.1% | n/a | n/a |
| Black or African American | 34.8% | 34.3% | 37.9% | 7.6% | 1.6% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 19.5% | 19.8% | 20.1% | n/a | n/a |
| Asian | 12.4% | 10.5% | 4.8% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Languages
Brooklyn has a high degree of linguistic diversity. As of 2010, 54.12% (1,240,416) of Brooklyn residents ages 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 17.16% (393,340) spoke Spanish, 6.46% (148,012) Chinese, 5.31% (121,607) Russian, 3.47% (79,469) Yiddish, 2.75% (63,019) French Creole, 1.35% (31,004) Italian, 1.20% (27,440) Hebrew, 1.01% (23,207) Polish, 0.99% (22,763) French, 0.95% (21,773) Arabic, 0.85% (19,388) various Indic languages, 0.70% (15,936) Urdu, and African languages were spoken as a main language by 0.54% (12,305) of the population over the age of five. In total, 45.88% (1,051,456) of Brooklyn's population ages 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[53]Neighborhoods
See also: List of Brooklyn neighborhoods and New York City ethnic enclaves
Landmark 19th-century rowhouses on tree-lined Kent Street in Greenpoint Historic District
150–159 Willow Street, three original red-brick early 19th-century Federal Style houses in Brooklyn Heights
Middagh Street, Brooklyn Heights
Along with gentrification, many of Brooklyn's neighborhoods are also becoming increasingly diverse, with an influx of immigrants integrating its neighborhoods. The borough also attracts people previously living in other cities in the United States. Of these, most come from Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, and Seattle.[54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
Community diversity
Given New York City's role as a crossroads for legal and illegal immigration from around the world, Brooklyn has evolved a globally cosmopolitan ambience of its own, demonstrating a robust and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and domiciliary partnership. Brooklyn contains dozens of distinct neighborhoods representing many of the major culturally identified groups found within New York City. Among the most prominent are listed below:Jewish American
Main article: Jews in New York City
Over 600,000 Jews, particularly Orthodox Jews and Hasidic Jews, have become concentrated in Borough Park, Williamsburg, and Flatbush, where there are many yeshivas, synagogues, and kosher restaurants, as well as many other Jewish businesses. Other notable religious Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish neighborhoods are Kensington, Midwood, Canarsie, Sea Gate, and Crown Heights. Many hospitals in Brooklyn were started by Jewish charities, including Maimonides Medical Center in Borough Park and Brookdale Hospital in Brownsville.[61][62] Many non-religious Jews are concentrated in Ditmas Park, Windsor Terrace and Park Slope.Chinese American
Main articles: Chinatowns in Brooklyn and Chinese Americans in New York City
Over 200,000 Chinese Americans live throughout the southern parts of Brooklyn, in Sunset Park, Bensonhurst, Gravesend, and Homecrest. The largest concentration is in Sunset Park along 8th Avenue, which is known for Chinese culture. It is called "Brooklyn's Chinatown" and its Chinese population is composed in majority by Fuzhounese Americans, rendering this Chinatown with the nicknames Fuzhou Town (福州埠), Brooklyn (布鲁克林) or the Little Fuzhou (小福州) of Brooklyn. Many Chinese restaurants can be found throughout Sunset Park, and the area hosts a popular Chinese New Year celebration.Caribbean and African American
Main article: Caribbeans in New York City
Brooklyn's African American and Caribbean communities are spread throughout much of Brooklyn. Brooklyn's West Indian community is concentrated in the Crown Heights, Flatbush, East Flatbush,
Kensington, and Canarsie neighborhoods in central Brooklyn. Brooklyn is
home to one of the largest communities of West Indians outside of the
Caribbean, being rivaled only by Toronto, Miami, Montreal, and London.
Although the largest West Indian groups in Brooklyn are mostly Jamaicans, Guyanese and Haitians, there are West Indian immigrants
from nearly every part of the Caribbean. Crown Heights and Flatbush are
home to many of Brooklyn's West Indian restaurants and bakeries.
Brooklyn has an annual, celebrated Carnival in the tradition of
pre-Lenten celebrations in the islands. Started by natives of Trinidad and Tobago, the West Indian Labor Day Parade takes place every Labor Day on Eastern Parkway. Bedford-Stuyvesant is home to one of the most famous African American communities in the city, along with Brownsville, East New York, and Coney Island.
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